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Defender is a classic horizontally scrolling shooter video game created by Williams Electronics in 1980 and officially released for arcades in 1981. In this side-scrolling shooter, players engage in action on an unnamed planet or city, depending on the platform, where they must combat waves of invading aliens while safeguarding astronauts. The development of Defender was led by Eugene Jarvis, who was primarily a pinball programmer at Williams. It marked Jarvis' initial venture into video game development and drew inspiration from iconic titles like Space Invaders and Asteroids. The game was first demonstrated in late 1980 and entered production in early 1981. In Japan, it was distributed by Taito.

Defender played a pivotal role during the golden age of arcade video games, selling more than 55,000 units, making it Williams' top-selling game, and ranking among the highest-grossing arcade games of its time. Critics and gamers lauded its audio-visual elements and captivating gameplay. It is often regarded as one of Eugene Jarvis' most significant contributions to the video game industry and is renowned for its high level of difficulty. While it was not the first horizontally scrolling game, it pioneered the genre of purely horizontal scrolling shoot 'em ups, inspiring the development of numerous other games and spawning sequels and imitations.

Several versions of Defender were adapted for contemporary gaming systems, with Atari, Inc. and its non-Atari platforms subsidiary, Atarisoft, handling most of the porting efforts.

Development:

Defender unfolds as a side-view, horizontally scrolling shooter that takes place on the surface of an unidentified planet. Players control a spaceship capable of moving to the left or right. A joystick regulates the ship's altitude, while five buttons determine its horizontal direction and weaponry. Players initially possess three "smart bombs" that can obliterate all visible enemies. When all else fails, the "hyperspace" button works similarly to Asteroids, causing the player's ship to reappear in a random, potentially hazardous location. At the beginning of the game, players are provided with three ships, and an additional ship and smart bomb are awarded every 10,000 points (which can be customized per machine). The game supports two players who can alternate turns.

The game's objective is to eliminate all invading alien forces while ensuring the safety of astronauts on the planet's surface to prevent them from being abducted. Landers capture humans and attempt to transport them to the top of the screen, where they undergo a transformation into fast-moving mutants. A captured human can be liberated by destroying the lander, catching the falling human before they perish, and safely depositing them on the ground.

Progressing to the next level is contingent on defeating the alien invaders. Failure to protect the astronauts leads to the planet's destruction, resulting in mutant-infested levels. Surviving these mutant waves can lead to the planet's restoration. Players lose a ship when it is hit by an enemy or enemy projectiles or if a hyperspace jump goes awry (as they randomly do). Once all ships are expended, the game concludes.

Defender marked Williams Electronics' maiden venture into developing a new video game, as their previous effort was a Pong clone. The surge in popularity of coin-operated arcade games in 1979 prompted Williams to shift its focus from pinball games to arcade gaming. They selected Eugene Jarvis, who had already achieved success with Williams' pinball titles, to lead the development. Jarvis was supported by Larry DeMar, Sam Dicker, and Paul Dussault in the creation process. Williams had a small team at the time, and the management was relatively unfamiliar with the technology used in electronic games. Consequently, the development team had significant creative freedom in crafting the game.